Uncirculated notes of any currency are bright and clean, with no blemishes or discoloration. The edges are clean and perfectly flat; the corners are sharp with no evidence of folding or damage. The bills you carry in your wallet are circulated notes. About Uncirculated 58: AU-58: Only the slightest friction on the highest points. Virtually full luster. About Uncirculated 55: AU-55: Full detail, with light friction on the high points. Considerable luster remains. About Uncirculated 53: AU-53: Slight flatness and loss of luster visible on high points of design. Some luster remains. Terms like 'gem uncirculated' and 'very fine' began to see use, as more precise grading descriptions allowed for more precise pricing for the booming collector market. In 1948, well-known numismatist Dr. William Herbert Sheldon attempted to standardize coin grading by proposing what is now known as the Sheldon Scale, as is detailed below. Define uncirculated. Uncirculated synonyms, uncirculated pronunciation, uncirculated translation, English dictionary definition of uncirculated. Not circulated or in circulation; not moving around or flowing freely: uncirculated coins; uncirculated air. Almost Uncirculated coins refer to coins that have a small amount of wear on its highest points that is usually seen on coins that have had minimal circulation. This does not necessarily mean that the value of the coin is low in value. To the untrained eye, it may not be apparent that a coin is Almost Uncirculated or not.

• Uncirculated State Quarters
• Uncirculated Peace Silver Dollars
• Uncirculated Gold Coins
• Uncirculated Denver Penny

Coin grading^[1] is the process of determining the grade or condition of a coin, one of the key factors in determining its value. A coin's grade is generally determined by five criteria: strike, preservation, luster, color, and attractiveness. Several grading systems have been developed. Certification services professionally grade coins for tiered fees.

Overview[edit]

A 'grade' measures a coin's appearance. There are generally five main components which determine a coin's grade: strike, surface preservation, luster, coloration and eye appeal. Grading is subjective and even experts can disagree about the grade of a given coin.^[2][1]

History[edit]

U.S. coin grading has evolved over the years to a system of finer and finer grade distinctions. Originally, there were only two grades, new and used. This changed to the letter grading system beginning with the lowest grade – Basal State (also Poor (PO)), then continuing Fair (Fr), About or Almost Good (AG), Good (G), Very Good (VG), Fine (F), Very Fine (VF), Extremely Fine (EF), Almost or About Uncirculated (AU), Uncirculated (Unc) and up to Brilliant Uncirculated (BU). Gem Uncirculated was roughly equivalent in usage to BU at that time. Numerical grades from 1 to 70 now accompany the verbal grades.^[3][4][5][6]

Systems[edit]

Early grading systems[edit]

The quality of all coins is not equal and collectors felt the necessity of defining the quality of the coins in order to assess their value. Rim damage, nicks, polishing, cleaning, scratches and other forms of wear are considered factors in grading a coin. Whether or not a coin shows evidence of having been mounted in jewelry also affects its grade.

In the early years of coin collecting, three general terms were used to grade coins:

• good - when circulation had worn the surface of the coin, but major details were still visible.
• fine - when features were less worn and a bit of mint luster showed on the surface. Most major and minor detail visible
• uncirculated - when the features of the coin were sharp and the luster approaching the state of a new coin at the mint.^[7]

Sheldon grading system[edit]

As the collector market for coins grew rapidly in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, it became apparent that a more precise grading standard was needed. Some coins were simply more fine than others, and some uncirculated coins showed more luster and far fewer marks than others. Terms like 'gem uncirculated' and 'very fine' began to see use, as more precise grading descriptions allowed for more precise pricing for the booming collector market.

Uncirculated State Quarters

In 1948, well-known numismatist Dr. William Herbert Sheldon attempted to standardize coin grading by proposing what is now known as the Sheldon Scale, as is detailed below. Sheldon's 1 to 70 grading scale^[clarify], included in his book Penny Whimsy, was originally devised for U.S. large cents but it is now applied to all series.^[8]

European grading system[edit]

European countries use various, roughly equivalent, grading systems. The main features of their systems are presented in the following table:^[9]

American Numismatic Association scale[edit]

As the hobby of numismatics evolved, the need arose for a more concrete grading system. In 1978, the American Numismatic Association published the Official A.N.A. Grading System for United States Coins.^[10] It established grading tiers of, in descending order of preservation, Mint State, About Uncirculated, Extremely Fine, Very Fine, Fine, Very Good, Good and About Good. Most numismatists, as well as third-party grading services, also use two other descriptors for the lowest grades, Fair and Poor. The higher tiers on this scale each encompass two or more 'sub-grades' denoted by the appending of the corresponding Sheldon scale number, such as Very Fine-20 or Very Fine-30. This allows for the recognition of coins which exceed the standard for a given tier, but do not meet the criteria for the next. Grades are commonly abbreviated, and not all numismatists use the numerical grades, so a grade of Fine-12 may be rendered as Fine, F-12, 12 or simply F.^[10]

Certification services[edit]

Coin certification services emerged in the 1980s as a response to the need for buyers and sellers to agree on grading.^[11] For tiered fees, certification services grade, authenticate, attribute, and encapsulate coins in clear, plastic holders.^[12][13]Professional Coin Grading service (PCGS), Numismatic Guaranty Corporation (NGC), Independent Coin Graders (ICG), and American Numismatic Association Certification Service (ANACS) are the most popular services, according to experts. These are the only services whose coins have a special section on eBay, the largest rare coin marketplace. All four firms guarantee the grades and authenticity of their certified coins. Together they have certified over 80 million coins.^{[14][15][16][17]}

At each of the four main grading companies, a similar process is used. Each coin is graded (on a verbal and 1 to 70 numerical scale) and authenticated by two or more graders, and then assigned a final grade by a finalizer, based in part upon the recommendations of the prior graders. Depending on the company, various descriptors may be added, such as Full Bands for Mercury dimes, Full Bell Lines (FBL) for Franklin Half Dollars, or Deep Mirror Prooflike (DMPL) for Morgan dollars, and the coin's die variety may be noted. The coin is then slabbed and returned to the customer.^{[18][19][20][21]} In 2010, PCGS and NGC introduced 'Plus' grading for high-end coins graded XF45 to MS68. A plus symbol (+) is added after the grade.^[22][23]

In 2007, the Professional Numismatists Guild (PNG), a US association of rare coin dealers, released the results of a survey of major coin dealers who gave their professional opinions about 11 certification services. PCGS and NGC were rated 'Superior' overall, with ANACS and ICG deemed 'Good'. PCI and SEGS were listed as 'Poor', while called 'Unacceptable' were Accugrade (ACG), Numistrust Corporation (NTC), Hallmark Coin Grading Service (HCGS), American Coin Club Grading Service (ACCGS), and Star Grading Services (SGS).^[24][25][26]

Counterfeit NGC and PCGS holders have been reported, but significant measures have been taken by both services to remedy the problem, such as NGC's use of photographic verification for every coin certified and both services' employment of serial number verification and anti-counterfeiting features in their holders.^{[27][28][29][30]}

Uncirculated Peace Silver Dollars

See also[edit]

• Troy weight (The system used with coins and precious metals. One troy ounce (ozt) is exactly 31.1034768 grams, about 10 percent more than the avoirdupois ounce, which is exactly 28.349523125 g.)

References[edit]

Uncirculated Gold Coins

1. ^ ^abTravers, Scott. 'Introduction'. coingrading.com. coingrading.com. Retrieved 2015-09-09.
2. ^Winter, Doug (2001). 'The Five Components of Coin Grading'. Archived from the original on 2010-03-08. Retrieved 2010-06-06.
3. ^'NGC'. ngccoin.com. NGC. Retrieved 2015.Check date values in: access-date= (help)
4. ^'PCGS Coin Facts'. pcgscoinfacts.com. pcgscoinfacts.com. Retrieved 2015-09-05.
5. ^'ANACS'. www.anacs.com/. ANACS. Archived from the original on 2015-03-31. Retrieved 2015-09-05.
6. ^'ICG'. icgcoin.com. ICG. Retrieved 2015-09-05.
7. ^Androulakis, Yiannis. 'Coin Grading Standards'.
8. ^Sheldon, William H. (1990). Penny Whimsy. Sanford S. Durst. ISBN0-942666-62-3.
9. ^:'Grading Standards'.
10. ^ ^abhttps://www.pcgs.com/news/how-united-states-coins-are-graded
11. ^'Coin Grading Systems - The History of Coin Grading Scales'. About.com. Archived from the original on 16 November 2007. Retrieved 13 December 2009.
12. ^'The History of Rare Coin Grading'. Austin Gold Information Network. Archived from the original on 6 September 2009. Retrieved 26 August 2009.
13. ^'Coin Grading Services: Who They Are and What They Do'. coin-collecting-guide-for-beginners.com. Retrieved 26 August 2009.
14. ^'NGC'. ngccoin.com. NGC. Retrieved 2015.Check date values in: access-date= (help)
15. ^'PCGS Coin Facts'. pcgscoinfacts.com. pcgscoinfacts.com. Retrieved 2015-09-05.
16. ^'ANACS'. www.anacs.com/. ANACS. Archived from the original on 2015-03-31. Retrieved 2015-09-05.
17. ^'ICG'. icgcoin.com. ICG. Retrieved 2015-09-05.
18. ^'NGC'. ngccoin.com. NGC. Retrieved 2015.Check date values in: access-date= (help)
19. ^'PCGS Coin Facts'. pcgscoinfacts.com. pcgscoinfacts.com. Retrieved 2015-09-05.
20. ^'ANACS'. www.anacs.com/. ANACS. Archived from the original on 2015-03-31. Retrieved 2015-09-05.
21. ^'ICG'. icgcoin.com. ICG. Retrieved 2015-09-05.
22. ^PCGS Secure Plus Service
23. ^NGC Launches Plus Designation
24. ^'PNG, ICTA Announce Results of 2006 Grading Services Survey'. pngdealers.org. Professional Numismatists Guild. Archived from the original on 2015-09-21. Retrieved 2015-09-07.
25. ^'NGC'. ngccoin.com. NGC. Retrieved 2015.Check date values in: access-date= (help)
26. ^'PCGS Coin Facts'. pcgscoinfacts.com. pcgscoinfacts.com. Retrieved 2015-09-05.
27. ^'PCGS Announces'. coinweek.com. Coin Week. Retrieved 2015-09-16.
28. ^'NGC Confirms Counterfeit Replica Coin Holders'. coinnews.net. Coin News. Retrieved 2015-09-16.
29. ^'NGC'. ngccoin.com. NGC. Retrieved 2015.Check date values in: access-date= (help)
30. ^'PCGS Coin Facts'. pcgscoinfacts.com. pcgscoinfacts.com. Retrieved 2015-09-05.

External links[edit]

Uncirculated Denver Penny